Monday, November 17, 2008

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RDC : Intambara yafashe indi sura

Kayira Etienne


RDC-Congo Umusirikare yirira Igisheke.

Nubwo Ingabo z’igihugu cya Repubulika Iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo (FARDC) zikomeje gutsindwa ku rugamba zirwana n’ ingabo z’umutwe wa CNDP uyoborwa na Jenerali Laurent Nkunda, Perezida Joseph Kabila wa Kongo n’abanyapolitiki b’icyo gihugu bongeye guhitamo inzira y’imirwano.

Nyuma y’aho ingabo za DRC zitakarije uduce twinshi zarimo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo-Kinshasa harimo n’ inkambi ya gisirikari ya Rumangabo ndetse zikanahunga mu mujyi wa Goma kubera ko abarwanyi ba Nkunda bari hafi kuwinjnjiramo, ibihugu by’ibihangange n’imiryango mpuzamahanga muri iyo minsi byahise byihutira kwamaganira kure ifatwa ry’Umujyi wa Goma n’inyeshyamba za Laurent Nkunda, ahubwo intumwa z’iyo miryango n’ibihugu bikomeye byo ku isi (Amerika n’Uburayi) zasabaga impande zombi zirwana (Leta ya Kinshasa na CNDP) guhagarika imirwano bakagana inzira y’ibiganiro.

Ubwo ingabo za FARDC zongeye kugaruka mu mujyi wa Goma zimaze kumenya ko abarwanyi ba Nkunda batawinjiyemo, Leta ya Kinshasa yahise itanga itangazo ko idashobora kugirana ibiganiro n’umutwe uyirwanya wa CNDP. Ni muri urwo rwego ku wa 03 Ugushyingo 2008 hatangiye kuvugwa amakuru ko Ingabo z’Igihugu cya Angola zasesekaye muri Kisangani no muri Goma mu rwego rwo gutabara ingabo za Kongo-Kinshasa mu rugamba zirwana na CNDP ya Laurent Nkunda.

Abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Goma twavuganye kuri telefone, bamwe bemeza ko mu mujyi wa Goma ngo ku wa 04 Ugushyingo 2008 hari hamaze kugera abakomanda bagera kuri 500, ariko abandi batazwi umubare ngo bari mu nzira bava Kisangani bagana muri Nord-Kivu habera imirwano.

Umwe mu bagize ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yatangarije Radio BBC ko abo bitirira abasirikari ba Angola ngo ni ingabo za Kongo-Kinshasa zivuga ururimi rw’igi « Portugale » kubera zabaye muri icyo gihugu ubwo zari mu mahugurwa. N’ubwo uwo mugabo wo muri MONUC yahakanye ko ingabo za Angola zitari muri RDC, muri AFRIKARABIA, undi musirikari wa Monuc yemeje ko izo ngabo z’igihugu gituranyi cya Kongo-Kinshasa zamaze kuhagera ndetse ngo zatangiye kurwana muri Nord Kivu, ariko ko umubare wazo utazwi neza. Perezida Joseph Kabila kwiyambaza ingabo z’ikindi gihugu ku mutabara mu rugamba rwo kwivuna abamurwanya ni uburenganzira bwe nk’igihugu kigenga, gusa binyuranyije n’ibyo abaserukira imiryango mpuzamahanga basabaga byo kurangiza ikibazo hifashishijwe ibiganiro.

Tubibutse ko mu gihe FARDC yagaragazaga kuneshwa n’ingabo za CNDP muri Kibumba, Mushake n’ahandi hatandukanye muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, Inteko Nshingamategeko y’icyo gihugu yari yatoye ko Guverinoma iganira na Laurent Nkunda. Ariko inkunga z’abasirikari b’ibindi bihugu icyo cyifuzo cy’inteko yagiteye utwatsi.

Guhitamo urugamba rw’amasasu ni ugukomeza gushyira mu kaga abaturage bo muri Nord-Kivu na Sud-Kivu bamaze imyaka irenga icumi mu ntambara z’urudaca. Izindi ntara zose za DRC zibaye nk’izitekana kubera zitarimo imirwano, ariko ngo imiyoborere ntacyahindutse kuko Guverinoma ya Gizenga Antoine uherutse kwegura ntacyo yagezeho.

Uwamusimbuye ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’intebe, Bwana Adolphe Muzito ntabwo nawe azoroherwa kuko ngo agomba kuvuguta byihutirwa umuti wo kurangiza intambara ibera muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo-Kinshasa.

Tubibutse kandi ko imirwano hagati ya Kinshasa na CNDP ikomeje muri Nord-Kivu aho ingabo za Leta zishaka uburyo ngo zasubirana Runshuru na Mushaki ibirindiro bikomeye bya Laurent Nkunda. Umuvugizi w’ingabo za CNDP, Col. Bertin Bisimwa aremeza ko ingabo za Angola zatangiye kugaragara ku rugamba. Ibyo ngo babyumvira no ku byombo bahamagariraho, dore ko bakoresha ururimi rw’igiporitigale.

Kuza kw’ ingabo za Angola muri DRC ntibiragira gihamya neza kuko ngo zitaje mu buryo bwemewe, aho bavuga ko ziyambariye imyambaro isa n’iya FARDC (Forces Armés de la republique démocratique du Congo).



Martin Luther King yakabije inzozi

Mukagahizi Rose

Pasiteri Martin Luther King, umwirabura w’Umunyamerika, ni we wabaye ku isonga ryo kurwanirira uburenganzira bw’umwirabura muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Niwe muntu wahawe igihembo cy’amahoro akiri muto kurusha abandi. Ku itariki yavukiyeho, 15 Mutarama, ni umunsi w’ikiruhuko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Na n’ubu , ibitekerezo bye biracyubashywe, bigenderwaho n’imiryango yose iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Pasiteri Martin Luther King Jr ni imwe mu ntwari zemerwa kandi zanditse mu mateka ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Yamenyekanye cyane ubwo yafataga iya mbere mu mwaka w’1955 kugeza ubwo yishwe arashwe mu mwaka w’1968. Yatitizaga Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika akoresheje amagambo ye n’inyigisho ze zirwanya ivanguramoko n’ikandamiza kubera ko umwirabura wo muri Amerika yari atarafatwa nk’umuntu, ni ukuvuga umuzungu nk’uko bakundaga kuvuga, yari hagati y’inguge n’umuntu.

Martin Luther yari intwari kuko yashize amanga maze agatangira guhamagarira no gukangurira abirabura b’Abanyamerika kwanga ako karengane mu mutuzo n’amahoro, abasaba kwerekana ko barusha bamwe mu bazungu ubumuntu : “niba umuzungu akubwiye ko uri inguge, ukamusingira mu mashati n’uburakari bwinshi, uzaba nyine werekanye ubuguge bwawe. Ariko numusekera, ukamusengera kandi ukamusabira umugisha ku Mana abyumva, uzaba umweretse ko umurusha umutima wa kimuntu”.

Si ibyo gusa kandi kuko umwirabura w’Umunyamerika atemerwaga kuba yatora, yaratotezwaga, ntiyemererwaga gucumbika mu mahoteli meza. Naho Martin ati : “benshi bakunze kubaza igihe umwirabura azatuza kwigaragambya, akemera ibimubaho : watuza ute urara uterwa hejuru n’abagutoteza ? Ni gute se watuza uzi ko umwirabura wo muri Mississipi adafite uburenganzira bwo gutora naho muri New York akaba yarigishijwe ko nta bwenge afite bwo kuba yatora ? Oya. Ntituzatuza kugeza ubwo tuzabona ubutabera butemba nk’imigezi no gukiranuka kududubiza nk’amazi asuma.

Mu rugendo rw’amahoro yari ayoboye rw’imyigaragambyo mu mutuzo, rugatitiriza intagondwa z’abazungu bo muri Amerika muri Kanama 1963, uru rugendo rukaba rwaravuye muri Leta ya Alabama kugeza i Washington DC hafi y’aho Perezida wa Amerika akorera, urwo rugendo rukaba rutazibagirana kuko mu kurusoza, Martin Luther yavugiye ijambo imbere y’abantu ibihumbi 250 bamwumvaga bucece, maze ababwira amagambo akomeye cyane atazigera yibagirana mu mateka. Yagize ati : “bene data mbabwire, ndabizi ko nimusubira mu mijyi yanyu, bari bubazize iki gikorwa tumazemo iminsi. Ariko njye ibyo ntibisiba inzozi narose. Narose ko umunsi umwe iki gihugu kizamenyekana ko abakomoka ku bacakara bazaba bicarana n’abakomoka ku babatotezaga, bakitwa abavandimwe bafite uburenganzira bungana. Narose kandi ko utwana twanjye tune tuzakura tutarebwa ku ruhu ahubwo barebwa ku mpano zabo n’umutoma ubarimo. Si ibyo byonyine. Muri iki gihugu nabonye ibikombe byose byujujwe, ibyiyita imisozi byose byaringanijwe, ibigoramye bigororotse, inzira zidaharuwe ziharurwa”. Njyewe mfite inzozi.

Yari muntu ki ?

Pasiteri Martin Luther King yavutse ku itariki ya 15 Mutarama 1929. Yavukiye mu muryango w’abatambyi, kuko guhera kuri sekuru, bose babaye abashumba (abapasiteri) mu iorero ry’Ababatisita. Yakuze yiga mu mashuri y’abirabura n’abandi nkabo. Ibyo ntibyamubujije gukurana ubwenge bwinshi kuko yarangije amashuri ye yisumbuye afite imyaka 15, akabona impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza afite imyaka 18 gusa ! Mu mwaka wa 1955 aho yari afite imyaka 26 gusa nibwo yatsindiye impamyabushobozi y’ikirenga “Doctorat” mu bijyanye na Tewologiya (Théologie) ayihawe na kaminuza ya Boston. Niwe mushumba waba yarayoboye imbaga nyinshi y’abantu kuva intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose yarangira kugeza ubu.

Mu 1964 afite imyaka 35 gusa, yahawe igihembo cya Nobel, gihabwa abaharaniye amahoro n’ubworoherane ku isi. Kugeza n’ubu niwe muntu wagihawe akiri muto muri bose. Ku italiki ya 4 Mata 1968, ubwo yari ahagaze ku ibaraza ry’icyumba yari yarayemo I Memphis muri Leta ya Tenesee ahumeka umwuka w’umugoroba, yarashwe amasasu atatu mu gatuza, ahita agwa aho. Ubwo yari aje kwifatanya n’abirabura hamwe n’abandi basuzuguritse bo muri iyo Leta kwigaragambya berekana uburenganzira bwabo. Umugoroba ubanziriza kuraswa kwe, ku itariki ya 3 Mata 1968, ubwo yabwirizaga mu itorero rya Mason Temple Church aho I Memphis, yagize ati : “njye nageze hejuru y’umusozi tunanirwa duterera, nabonye igihugu cy’amasezerano. Nshobora kutazaba ndi kumwe namwe ubwo muzahagera, ariko ibi mbibabwiye ngira ngo musigare muzi ko njye nabonye mugera mu gihugu cy’amasezerano”. Ayo niyo magambo ya nyuma Pasiteri Martin Luther King Jr yavugiye mu ruhame.

Yashyinguwe n’imbaga y’abantu barenga ibihumbi ijana, ku italiki ya 9 Mata 1968. Yari yarashakanye na Colleta Scott King akaba nawe yaritabye Imana ku wa 31 Mutarama 2006, babyaranye abahungu 2 n’abakobwa 2. Itariki y’amavuko Martin yavukiyeho ku wa 15 Mutarama, buri mwaka iba ikiruhuko muri Amerika yose. Hoteli yarasiwemo Lorraine Motel yahise ihindurwa inzu ndangamurage naho Imva ye ikaba yaragizwe irimbi ry’intwali.

Impanuro ye yarasohoye

Inzozi ze yarose zarasohoye kuko ubu umwirabura arishyira akizana muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Twiyibukije amateka, Amerika tubona ubu yigisha amahoro na demukarasi ku isi, hashize imyaka 42 yemeye ko umwirabura ari umuntu nk’abandi, Atari hagati y’inguge n’umuntu nk’uko byari bkunze gufatwa cyane mu gice cy’amajyepfo. Mbere y’imyaka ya 1970, hari ibintu byinshi cyane umwirabura Atari afiteho uburenganzira : ntiyashoboraga gutora perezida, abadepite, inzego z’ibanze, n’ibindi. Hari amashuri y’abazungu atakandagiragamo, utubari, restaurants n’ibindi byinshi none dore intsinzi ya perezida Barack Obama, umwirabura wa mbere mu kuyobora Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika nk’umukuru w’igihugu. Yagize ati “niba hari ugishidikanya ko byose bishoboka, niba hari ufite ikibazo kuri demukarasi ya USA narebere kuri iri joro ryarangizaga amatora yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika”. Aya akaba ari amagambo Perezida Obama yavuze amaze kwegukana intsinzi yo kuyobora Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.



Irani: Minisitiri yafatanywe dipolome y’impimbano akurwaho icyizere

Sibo Martin



Inama Nshingamategeko ya Irani iherutse kwirukana Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu Ali Kordan azira ko yakoreshaga dipolome y’inyiganano. Uwo mugabo ngo yavugaga ko yayivanye muri Kaminuza izwi cyane yo mu Bwongereza yitwa “Oxford”.

Perezida wa Iran we akomeje kumuhagararaho yemeza ko bakagombye kumurebera kubyo akora. Ako kaga kajya kumugeraho byaturutse ku itangazo Kaminuza ya Oxford yasohoye ihakana yivuye inyuma ko itigeze iha Minisitiri Ali Kordan impamyabumenyi iyo ariyo yose. Umuyobozi w’Inteko Ishingamategeko ya Irani Ali Larijani yatangaje ko Abadepite 188 kuri 247 batoye ko uriya Minisitiri akurwaho icyizere. Abadepite 45 barabyanze naho 14 barifata. Mu Baminisitiri 21 Perezida Ahmedi Nejad wa Irani yari yatanze Abadepite banzemo abagera ku 10.

Ibi rero bishyira mu kaga Leta ya Ahmadinejad kuko itegeko nshinga kiriya gihugu cya Iran kigenderaho rivuga ko iyo kimwe cya kabiri cy’Abaminisitiri gikuweho icyizere Guverinoma yose igomba kweguzwa byanze bikunze. Ukuriye Inteko ya Irani Bwana Ali Larijani yagize ati “ Ibi birererekana ko Inteko itazihanganira uwo ariwe wese utagendera ku mategeko bityo gukurwaho icyizere kuri Kordan bivuze ko amategeko agomba kubahirizwa”.

Kordan yari amaze gusa amezi atatu ari Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu. Bimaze kumenyekana ko abeshya ku mpamyabumenyi, Abadepite bahise barakara bavuga ko ahemberwa dipolome adafite bityo akaba ngo akwiye gushyirwa mu gihome. Kordan wasimbuye kuri uriya mwanya uwitwa Mustafa Mohammad, yakoze igihe kinini kuri Televiziyo ya Irani ndetse no muri Minisiteri ifite peteroli mu nshingano zayo.

Mu gihugu cya Irani Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu niyo icunga umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu, amatora no kuyategura, gushyiraho ba Guverineri no gutanga uruhushya ku mitwe ya politiki tutibagiwe n’imiryango itagengwa na Leta. Minisitiri Kordan we yatangaje ko byose ari ikosa ry’uwari uhagarariye Kaminuza ya Oxford I Tehran wamuhaye dipolome itemewe muri Oxford.

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